{"id":122584,"date":"2021-01-11T11:48:07","date_gmt":"2021-01-11T10:48:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.drawplanet.cz\/drawstudy\/o-tuzkach-v-cem-se-lisi\/"},"modified":"2021-01-11T11:48:40","modified_gmt":"2021-01-11T10:48:40","slug":"o-tuzkach-v-cem-se-lisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/drawstudy.eu\/en\/o-tuzkach-v-cem-se-lisi\/","title":{"rendered":"O tu\u017ek\u00e1ch a v \u010dem se li\u0161\u00ed."},"content":{"rendered":"

A\u0165 u\u017e tu\u017eky pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te v kancel\u00e1\u0159i, k nakreslen\u00ed va\u0161eho mistrovsk\u00e9ho d\u00edla, nebo trochu z obou (\u010dm\u00e1ranice v kancel\u00e1\u0159i), je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 porozum\u011bt rozd\u00edl\u016fm mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi typy tu\u017eek. M\u016f\u017eete si v\u0161imnout (zejm\u00e9na v um\u011bleck\u00e9m odd\u011blen\u00ed) n\u011bkolika r\u016fzn\u00fdch tu\u017eek ozna\u010den\u00fdch kombinac\u00ed \u010d\u00edsel a p\u00edsmen, nap\u0159\u00edklad 2B, 3H, HB atd. V kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch pot\u0159eb\u00e1ch pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pozn\u00e1te tu\u017eky podle \u010d\u00edsla, nap\u0159\u00edklad tu\u017eka \u010d.2. Pokud tu\u017eky d\u011blaj\u00ed tot\u00e9\u017e, pro\u010d se k jejich identifikaci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dva r\u016fzn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my? Co vlastn\u011b znamenaj\u00ed p\u00edsmena \/ \u010d\u00edslice? Vsad\u00edm se, \u017ee m\u00e1te ohledn\u011b tu\u017eek v\u00edce ot\u00e1zek, ne\u017e jste si mysleli. Doufejme, \u017ee tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek na blogu zodpov\u00ed v\u0161echny ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se tu\u017eek, v\u010detn\u011b toho, pro\u010d jsou tu\u017eky \u010d. 2 \u017elut\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bez ohledu na syst\u00e9m ozna\u010duje zna\u010dka na tu\u017ece tvrdost j\u00e1dra (nebo olova). Typicky tu\u017eky vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 mimo USA pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed syst\u00e9m HB, zat\u00edmco v\u00fdrobci ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u010d\u00edseln\u00fd syst\u00e9m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tu\u017eky, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed numerick\u00fd syst\u00e9m, p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed v \u010d\u00edslech \u010d.1, \u010d.2, \u010d.2 \u00bd,\u00a0 \u010d.3 a \u010d.4. \u010c\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je \u010d\u00edslo na tu\u017ece, t\u00edm tvrd\u0161\u00ed bude j\u00e1dro, kter\u00e9 na pap\u00ed\u0159e vytvo\u0159\u00ed sv\u011btlej\u0161\u00ed zna\u010dku. Tu\u017eka \u010d. 1 m\u00e1 m\u011bk\u010d\u00ed j\u00e1dro, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek tmav\u0161\u00ed zna\u010dku. Jeliko\u017e m\u011bk\u010d\u00ed olov\u011bn\u00e9 tu\u017eky ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed na pap\u00edr v\u00edce grafitu, vy\u017eaduj\u00ed ost\u0159en\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e tvrd\u00e1 tu\u017eka. Jako zlat\u00fd st\u0159ed je nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tu\u017eka \u010d. 2. Mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u00edte, pro testy Scantron je pr\u00e1v\u011b tu\u017eka \u010d.2 nejlep\u0161\u00ed. Je to proto, \u017ee tvrd\u0161\u00ed tu\u017eky p\u00ed\u0161ou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 sv\u011btle na to, aby to stroj p\u0159e\u010detl, a tu\u017eky \u010d.1 se \u010dasto rozmaz\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kresl\u00edc\u00ed tu\u017eky obvykle pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed syst\u00e9m ozna\u010den\u00ed HB. Tu\u017eky H ozna\u010duj\u00ed tvrdost tuhy, zat\u00edmco tu\u017eky B ozna\u010duj\u00ed tvrdost (nebo m\u011bkkost) tuhy. M\u016f\u017eete tak\u00e9 narazit na tu\u017eku F, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se tu\u017eka ost\u0159\u00ed do jemn\u00e9ho bodu. Poj\u010fme se pod\u00edvat na syst\u00e9m HB:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je \u010d\u00edslo na stran\u011b B stupnice, t\u00edm to bude tmav\u0161\u00ed. \u010c\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je \u010d\u00edslo na stran\u011b H stupnice, t\u00edm to bude sv\u011btlej\u0161\u00ed. Tu\u017eka HB p\u0159istane uprost\u0159ed stupnice a je ekvivalentn\u00ed tu\u017ece \u010d. 2. Uv\u011bdomte si, \u017ee ne v\u0161ichni v\u00fdrobci jsou stejn\u00ed. Tu\u017eka \u010d. 2 nebo HB od jednoho v\u00fdrobce nemus\u00ed zanechat stejnou zna\u010dku jako tu\u017eka \u010d. 2 nebo HB od jin\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e na to p\u0159ijde, volba tvrdosti tuhy je ponech\u00e1na na osobn\u00edch preferenc\u00edch. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed r\u00e1di tmav\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ru, jin\u00ed jemnou, sv\u011btlou \u010d\u00e1ru. Pokud si st\u00e1le nejste jist\u00ed, tu\u017eka \u010d. 2 nebo HB by m\u011bla fungovat dob\u0159e pro va\u0161e pot\u0159eby v kancel\u00e1\u0159i. Pro kreslen\u00ed a skicov\u00e1n\u00ed je dobr\u00e9 m\u00edt k dispozici \u0159adu tu\u017eek s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi \u00farovn\u011bmi tvrdosti.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00fd fakt: Co v\u00e1m p\u0159ijde na mysl kdy\u017e se \u0159ekne tu\u017eka \u010d.2? \u017dlut\u00e9 tu\u017eky \u010d. 2 jsou tak ikonick\u00e9, \u017ee si hodn\u011b lid\u00ed klade ot\u00e1zku, pro\u010d zrovna \u017elut\u00e1? Mo\u017en\u00e1 je u\u017e nyn\u00ed nevid\u00edme jako n\u011bco luxusn\u00edho, ale v roce 1890, kdy vznikla tradice \u017elut\u00fdch tu\u017eek, m\u011bly b\u00fdt nejlep\u0161\u00edmi a nejdra\u017e\u0161\u00edmi tu\u017ekami v okol\u00ed. Spole\u010dnost L and C Hardtmuth Company v Rakousku-Uhersku p\u0159edstavila prvn\u00ed \u017elutou tu\u017eku jako Koh-I-Noor, kter\u00e1 je pojmenov\u00e1na po diamantu. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b byla v\u011bt\u0161ina tu\u017eek nat\u0159ena tmav\u00fdmi barvami nebo nebyli nat\u0159en\u00e9 v\u016fbec, co\u017e tyto \u017elut\u00e9 tu\u017eky opravdu nechalo vyniknout.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A\u0165 u\u017e tu\u017eky pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te v kancel\u00e1\u0159i, k nakreslen\u00ed va\u0161eho mistrovsk\u00e9ho d\u00edla, nebo trochu z obou (\u010dm\u00e1ranice v kancel\u00e1\u0159i), je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 porozum\u011bt rozd\u00edl\u016fm mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi typy tu\u017eek. M\u016f\u017eete si v\u0161imnout (zejm\u00e9na v um\u011bleck\u00e9m odd\u011blen\u00ed) n\u011bkolika r\u016fzn\u00fdch tu\u017eek ozna\u010den\u00fdch kombinac\u00ed \u010d\u00edsel a p\u00edsmen, nap\u0159\u00edklad 2B, 3H, HB atd. V kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch pot\u0159eb\u00e1ch pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pozn\u00e1te tu\u017eky podle \u010d\u00edsla, nap\u0159\u00edklad […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":122576,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-122584","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nO tu\u017ek\u00e1ch a v \u010dem se li\u0161\u00ed.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 porozum\u011bt rozd\u00edl\u016fm mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi typy tu\u017eek.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O tu\u017ek\u00e1ch a v \u010dem se li\u0161\u00ed.\" \/>\n<meta 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