{"id":32231,"date":"2018-04-30T15:19:41","date_gmt":"2018-04-30T13:19:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.drawplanet.cz\/drawstudy\/?p=32231"},"modified":"2018-04-30T15:19:41","modified_gmt":"2018-04-30T13:19:41","slug":"stiraci-gumy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/drawstudy.eu\/en\/stiraci-gumy\/","title":{"rendered":"St\u00edrac\u00ed gumy"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gumou ma\u017eeme n\u00e1pisy vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 tu\u017ekou ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b stolet\u00ed. D\u011bjiny gumy, s jej\u00ed\u017e pomoc\u00ed ma\u017eeme v\u00fdtvory tu\u017ekou, jsou ps\u00e1ny u\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b stolet\u00ed. P\u0159edt\u00edm tuto funkci nej\u010dast\u011bji zast\u00e1vala st\u0159\u00eddka chleba. V roce 1770 v\u0161ak anglick\u00fd chemik Joseph Priestley objevil, \u017ee pry\u017e (pozd\u011bji zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako kau\u010duk) dok\u00e1\u017ee mazat tu\u017eku \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bji ne\u017e chleba. Je to zp\u016fsobeno t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159i p\u0159ej\u00ed\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed gumou po pap\u00ed\u0159e vznik\u00e1 elektrostatick\u00fd n\u00e1boj, d\u00edky n\u011bmu\u017e se \u010d\u00e1stice grafitu ke gum\u011b p\u0159itahuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V historii gumy byl p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed kau\u010duk po dlouhou dobu jedin\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem, ze kter\u00e9ho ji vyr\u00e1b\u011bli. Trvalo to a\u017e do poloviny dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, kdy byl vynalezen syntetick\u00fd kau\u010duk. A v devades\u00e1t\u00fdch letech za\u010daly gumy vyr\u00e1b\u011bt z PVC a jin\u00fdch polymer\u016f.
\nZ \u010deho je vyroben\u00e1 modern\u00ed guma, m\u016f\u017eete ur\u010dit podle barvy. \u010cerveno-modr\u00e9 nebo \u0161ed\u00e9 jsou vyrobeny z p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho kau\u010duku. Jsou velmi elastick\u00e9, m\u016f\u017eeme je zkroutit a nat\u00e1hnout, ani\u017e by se deformovaly, ale negumuj\u00ed moc dob\u0159e. \u010cist\u011b b\u00edl\u00e9 nebo v\u00edcebarevn\u00e9 gumy jsou vyrobeny ze syntetick\u00fdch polymer\u016f, maj\u00ed dobrou abrazivitu a jsou p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 na dotek.<\/p>\n

Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jste ji\u017e sly\u0161eli o elastick\u00e9 gum\u011b.
\nNa pohled zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed hn\u011btac\u00ed\u00a0guma<\/span>\u00a0slou\u017e\u00ed ke korekci, prosv\u011btlen\u00ed a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u010distot. M\u011bkk\u00e1 t\u011bstovit\u00e1 textura odli\u0161uje elastickou gumu od ostatn\u00edch druh\u016f gum.<\/p>\n

Elastick\u00e1\u00a0guma<\/span>\u00a0je speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dist\u00edc\u00ed kau\u010duk, kter\u00fd se snadno ma\u010dk\u00e1 a m\u00e1 vysokou absorp\u010dn\u00ed schopnost. Pokud jde o opravy kresby, elastick\u00e1\u00a0guma<\/span>nepo\u0161kozuje pap\u00edr a zachyt\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice z grafitu. Nerozt\u00edr\u00e1 kresbu. Elastickou gumu vynalezla \u010desk\u00e1 firma Koh-i-Noor, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdrobce materi\u00e1l\u016f na kreslen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"<\/p>\n

\n

Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee takov\u00e1\u00a0guma<\/span>\u00a0neni\u010d\u00ed pap\u00edr, m\u016f\u017eete od\u0161t\u00edpnout mal\u00e9 kousky na vymaz\u00e1n\u00ed mal\u00fdch detail\u016f a zase je pak vr\u00e1tit zp\u00e1tky. P\u0159i maz\u00e1n\u00ed detail\u016f tak nemus\u00edte kr\u00e1jet tvrdou gumu na tenk\u00e9 prou\u017eky, jako to d\u011bl\u00e1 spousta um\u011blc\u016f.<\/p>\n

Elastickou gumu je pot\u0159eba ukl\u00e1dat do f\u00f3lie nebo jin\u00e9ho krytu, aby nechytala prach. Prach by ji hodn\u011b rychle zni\u010dil.<\/p>\n

Mimochodem, takov\u00e1\u00a0guma<\/span>\u00a0se pr\u00fd d\u00e1 vyrobit i z obvykl\u00e9 \u0161ed\u00e9 gumy. Namo\u010d\u00ed se na 2-3 dny do purifikovan\u00e9ho benz\u00ednu, a kdy\u017e\u00a0guma<\/span>\u00a0nabobtn\u00e1, polo\u017e\u00ed se na filtra\u010dn\u00ed pap\u00edr, kter\u00fd odstran\u00ed zbytky nenas\u00e1kl\u00e9ho benz\u00ednu. Po vysu\u0161en\u00ed je vhodn\u00e1 k u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gumou ma\u017eeme n\u00e1pisy vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 tu\u017ekou ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b stolet\u00ed. D\u011bjiny gumy, s jej\u00ed\u017e pomoc\u00ed ma\u017eeme v\u00fdtvory tu\u017ekou, jsou ps\u00e1ny u\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b stolet\u00ed. P\u0159edt\u00edm tuto funkci nej\u010dast\u011bji zast\u00e1vala st\u0159\u00eddka chleba. V roce 1770 v\u0161ak anglick\u00fd chemik Joseph Priestley objevil, \u017ee pry\u017e (pozd\u011bji zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako kau\u010duk) dok\u00e1\u017ee mazat tu\u017eku \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bji ne\u017e chleba. Je to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":32232,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32231","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSt\u00edrac\u00ed gumy - Draw Study<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"St\u00edrac\u00ed gumy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gumou ma\u017eeme n\u00e1pisy vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 tu\u017ekou ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b stolet\u00ed. D\u011bjiny gumy, s jej\u00ed\u017e pomoc\u00ed ma\u017eeme v\u00fdtvory tu\u017ekou, jsou ps\u00e1ny u\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b stolet\u00ed. P\u0159edt\u00edm tuto funkci nej\u010dast\u011bji zast\u00e1vala st\u0159\u00eddka chleba. V roce 1770 v\u0161ak anglick\u00fd chemik Joseph Priestley objevil, \u017ee pry\u017e (pozd\u011bji zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako kau\u010duk) dok\u00e1\u017ee mazat tu\u017eku \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bji ne\u017e chleba. 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